Section 2 Textbook

• The Northern Renaissance
• By the late 1400s, renaissance spread to northern Europe especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders (France = Netherlands)
• The North
• The population of northern Europe began to grow again after years of war and plague
• After the 100 year war ended in 1453, cities grew rapidly
• MErchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists
• England and France were united under a stronger monarch
• Francis I invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France
• Fontainbleah (Incorrect spelling) became a renaissance art showcase
• Artists were especially interested in realism
• in 1494, a french king claimed the throne of Naples and Artists fled to Northern europe
• German painters
• Albrocht Durer
• traveled to italy to study in 1496
• paintings portrayed religious subjects
• realistic landscapes
• Produced woodcuts and engravings.
• Hans Holben
• Specialized in painting portraits that are photographic in detail
• emigrated to England where he painted King Henry VII
• Flemish Painters
• Flanders became the artistic center for northern Europe
• Jan van Eyck
• First great Flemish painter
• used oil based paints
• painter still use his techniques
• layered paint to add a variety of subtle colored
• unusually realistic facial expressions
• Influenced later artists
• Peter Breugel the Elder
• When Flemish paintings reached its peak in 1550
• captured scenes of everyday peasant life
• realistic emotions
• Northern writers try to reform society
• Christian Humanism
• main goal was to reform society
• education was important
• educated women and founded the first boy and girl schools
• Desiderius Erasmus of Holland
• Wrote the Praise of Folly
• poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests
• Believed in Christianity of the Heart, not rules
• in order to improve society, people should study the bible
• Thomas More of England
• Wrote the book "Utopia"
• Utopia means "no place"
• a imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war are gone
• no use for money
• More wrote in Latin
• His works were translated in French, English, German, Spanish, and Italian
• Women's Reforms
• Majority of Europeans could not read or write
• Christine de Pizan
• The first women to earn a living as a writer
• wrote in French
• She wrote short stories, biographies, military techniques, and novels.
• Wrote the book "The city of Ladies"