Continuing the PowerPoint

• Roman Army
• 5000 soldiers not in it for pay
• mostly citizens
• elite heavy infantry
• grouped in 80 men called a century, similar to a Greek legion
• cavalry
• shield, dagger, sword, armor, and tunic
• The Punic Wars (264-146)
• Rome vs. Carthage
• three wars
• First Punic War
• naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily
• Rome won
• Second Punic War
• a 29 year old Carthaginian leader
• attacks Rome from the NORTH after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps
• lays siege to the Peninsula for 15 year, but failed to take Rome
• Third Punic War
• Scipio, Tiberius, and others mercilessly attacked the city
• burned for 17 days
• the living 50,000 people were sold into slavery
• the rest of his provinces were annexed and became Roman territory.
• Economic Turmoil
• there were over 1 million slaves in Italy
• Aristocrats stole land from the plebs
• the big farms became massive estates called latifundia 
• the government supplied bread and entertainment to keep the plebs from revolting
• Teberius Graccus took advantage of the plebs by paying them, but the plebs lost loyalty in Rome
• Julius Caesar (100-44)
• he made friends with Pompey, a military leader, and Graccus, the richest man in Rome
• These three men made the first Triumvirate
• Rubicon- the point of no return where Caesar took control
• Serves as Consul, then dictator for life after he defeated his Rival Pompey
• Caesar's Reforms
• Granted citizenship to people in provinces
• Added his friends to the senate
• Created jobs to the poor
• increased pay for the soldiers
• started colonies where people without land could stay