Finishing the First Section

• Philosophers believed
• The universe is put together in an orderly way with unchanging law.
• People can understand these laws through logic and wisdom
• Philosopher means "lovers of Wisdom"
• Protagoras- a sophist who questioned the existence of Greek gods, and there was no universal standard to truth
• Socrates (470-399)
• a critic to sophists
• believed there was a standard to truth
• encouraged Greeks to question them selves and their moral Character
• "The unexamined life is not worth living"
• Socratic Method- asking questions and answering them
• 399 B.C., Socrates was brought to trial for "corrupting the Athenian youth" and "impiety"
• Died by poison Hemlock
• Plato (427-347)
• He was born into a wealthy family
• He was a wrestler and a poet before he became a Philosopher
• Student of Socrates, 20 years old when his teacher died
• After he died, he founded a school called the Academy
• Wrote down the conversations of Socrates "as means of philosophical investigation"
• Wrote The Republic, 
• A perfectly governed society
• 3 classes in the society
• Artisans and farmers
• Warriors
• Ruling Class
• The most intelligent philosopher would be king
• This book dominated Philosophy in Europe for 1500 years
• Aristotle (384-322)
• Son of a physician
• went to Plato's Academy
• Opened his own school, the Lyceum
• He questioned 
• Nature of the world
• human belief
• though
• knowledge
• Came up with a method for arguing based on the rules of logic
• He applied this message to psychology, physics, and biology
• taught Alexander the Great
• Vocabulary
• Direct Democracy- a form of government where citizens rule directly, and not through representatives
• Classical Art- the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion are emphasized
• Tragedy- a serious drama about common themes, such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Protagonists always had a fatal flaw, usually hubris
• Comedy- Containing scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
• Peloponnesian War- a war lasting from 431 to 404 B.C. where Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies
• Philosopher- a thinker who used logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, humans society, and morality
• Sophists- questioned people's unexamined life, and there is no definition of truth.